ORMDL3 and asthma: In contrast to our findings, previous studies identified the T-allele of rs7216389 in ORMDL3/GSDMB as the childhood asthma risk allele.[34,35,37] Exposure to environmental factors such as tobacco smoke and domestic furry pets, have been demonstrated to modify the relationship between polymorphisms in ORMDL3/GSDMB and childhood asthma.[41,42] Remarkable was the difference in prevalence of parental smoking between the ADEM and the KOALA study even though the same definition for passive smoking was used.