MTOR and cancer: Components of the R2TP complex are over-expressed in cancer: PIH1D1 levels are increased in several breast cancer cell lines (Kamano et al., 2013), RUVBL1/2 are over-expressed in liver and colon cancers (Huber et al., 2008; Jha and Dutta, 2009; Grigoletto et al., 2011) and their higher expression in cancer tissues is positively correlated with the expression of genes involved in metabolic processes activated by mTOR signaling (Kim et al., 2013).