Control groups treated with PBS or all scrambled peptides (Pal-Scram #1, Pal-scram #2 and Pal-Scram #3) developed severe sepsis with 90% mortality at 2–3 days, and the scrambled peptides did not bind to endogenous Pellino-1 (Fig4A; Supplementary Fig S9A and B). Here, PELI1 is linked to Sepsis.