Because overwhelming activation of TLR4 signaling underlies the pathogenesis of sepsis (Weighardt & Holzmann, 2007; Tsujimoto et al, 2008), various TLR4 antagonists have been developed and some have entered clinical trials (Tsujimoto et al, 2008; Rice et al, 2010; Wittebole et al, 2010; Opal et al, 2013). The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is Sepsis.