Protein quality control via autophagy is particularly important for the timely removal of aggregated forms of pathogenic proteins in neurodegenerative diseases, including tau in AD, α-synuclein in PD and polyQ-Htt in HD.63, 64 Autophagy can be divided into microautophagy, CMA and macroautophagy, depending on the mechanism by which cellular cargoes are delivered to the lysosome (Figure 1).65 Among the three arms of autophagy, the targeted clearance of misfolded proteins is mainly mediated by CMA and macroautophagy. This evidence concerns the gene MAPT and Alzheimer disease.