INS and Insulin resistance: However, Endo et al. [35], showed that the molecular mechanisms underlying the promotion of colorectal carcinogenesis by a high-fat diet (HFD) is through its effect on the role of the insulin-signal pathway and the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway, which was reported to play a crucial role in insulin resistance during colorectal carcinogenesis in the presence of hyperinsulinaemia induced by a HFD.