Additionally, hyperleptinemia boosts its effects in immune function regulation, including production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF, IL-6, and IL-12, stimulation of polymorphonuclear cell chemotaxis, inhibition of lymphocyte apoptosis by suppression of Fas-mediated signaling, and induction of Th1 differentiation, both in obese and nonobese females with PCOS [153]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and polycystic ovary syndrome.