In the present study, we have assessed fasting and postprandial responses of IL-6, IL-8, TGF-β, leptin, and adiponectin before as well as one week, three months, and one year after RYGB in 13 obese patients with T2D and in 12 matched obese NGT subjects. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.