The most common alteration detected in ERMS is loss of heterozygosity on the short arm of chromosome 11 (11p15.5), whereas ARMS is characterized by the t(2;13)(q35;q14) translocation in approximately 70% of cases and by the t(1;13)(p36;q14) translocation in approximately 10% of cases, which generate PAX3-FKHR and PAX7-FKHR fusion proteins, respectively [2, 3]. The gene discussed is FOXO1; the disease is alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma.