PTGS2 and neoplasm: Further analyses on tumor tissues by western and IHC showed that garcinol downregulated the expression of critical oncogenic molecules involved in proliferation (cyclin D1, COX-2), survival (Bcl-xL, survivin), angiogenesis (VEGF) and invasion (MMP-9, ICAM-1) and all of these effects were further enhanced upon cisplatin treatment.