TNF and systemic lupus erythematosus: Lower concentrations of TNF-α (1 ng/L, 0.1 μg/L, and 1 μg/L) (6.04 ± 0.12‰ versus 5.53 ± 0.30‰ versus 5.08 ± 0.18‰, n = 6) could not efficiently alter the migration rate of SLE BMSCs and a higher concentration of TNF-α (1000 μg/L) (3.23 ± 0.21‰, n = 6) did not alter the migration rate of SLE BMSCs significantly compared to TNF-α at 50 μg/L (4.56 ± 0.51‰, n = 6) and at 100 μg/L (3.24 ± 0.37‰, n = 6), indicating that TNF-α induced the inhibition of SLE BMSCs migration in a nondose-dependent manner (data not shown).