EIF2AK3 and glioma: In order to clarify biological function of PERK activation in glioma cells, we mimicked low glucose microenvironment in glioma tissues by culturing glioma cells in low glucose medium (LGM), or in DMEM with 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) or bromopyruvic acid (BRPA) which are inhibitors of glycolysis and can effectively disrupt glucose utilization25, 26, 27, 28.