Treatment with recombinant human MIS induced upregulation of both p107 and p130 in non-HPV-related cervical cancer cell lines (13) and inhibited the growth of the ovarian cancer cell line through induction of the CDK inhibitor p16 at the protein level and downregulation of p130 and upregulation of E2F1 when Rb levels were not detectable (14). Here, E2F1 is linked to cervical carcinoma.