However, in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease, microglia become excessively activated, accumulating misfolded proteins such as amyloid-β (Aβ) and producing huge quantities of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α), reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) [5–7]. Here, TNF is linked to early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.