Although oxidative stress, energy failure, and the disturbance of neurotransmitter metabolism have been actively investigated as neurotoxic mechanisms of Mn over the past two decades [7,8], emerging evidence indicates that alpha-synuclein oligomerization is also one of the important cellular and molecular correlates of neurodegenerative diseases resulting from chronic Mn exposure [9]. The gene discussed is SNCA; the disease is neurodegenerative disease.