HA14–1 treatment increased the loss of cytochrome c from ischemia-damaged SSM accompanied by an increase in cytochrome c content in supernatant in a dose-dependent manner, indicating that functional inhibition of bcl-2 increases the permeability of the outer mitochondrial membrane that allows the release of cytochrome c (Fig. 4), likely following mobilization from the inner membrane as a result of the previously described cardiolipin depletion that occurs during ischemia [22]. Here, CYCS is linked to ischemia.