Lowering blood glucose levels with the SGLT2 inhibitor or treatment with TUDCA normalized nuclear levels of sXBP1, ATF6 (50 kDa) and CHOP and reduced albuminuria and indices of DN (Fig. 3), demonstrating that the hyperglycaemia-induced maladaptive UPR is causally linked to DN. Here, DDIT3 is linked to liver dysplastic nodule.