Previous studies showed that myocardial injection of MSCs improved cardiac function of rabbits with DCM via upregulating VEGF and its receptors 6 and myocardial injection of prokineticin receptor-1 (GPR73), a potent angiogenic factor, promoted cardiomyocyte survival and angiogenesis in infarcted mice 7. Here, VEGFA is linked to familial dilated cardiomyopathy.