HGF and heart failure: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been shown to play crucial roles in the repair of heart failure 26, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in the amelioration of multiple sclerosis 27 and graft‐versus‐host disease, and insulin‐like growth factor (IGF‐1) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) in wound healing 28.