TNF and dilated cardiomyopathy: 29 previously demonstrated that OLM could improve the LV hypertrophy, fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction though attenuation of inflammatory response in a mouse model of diastolic heart failure. Candesartan prevented expressions of TNF-α, cyclooxygenase-2 and IL-6. The increase in inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, was highly associated with cardiac remodelling 30 and dilated cardiomyopathy 31.