FAS and renal carcinoma: S-transferase (GST)-melanoma differentiation-associated gene-7 (MDA-7), a novel cytokine, which causes plasma membrane clustering of CD95 and the association of CD95 with procaspase-8, induces ceramide accumulation via A-SMase and CerS6, inactivation of ERK, and activation of PERK, p38MAPK and JNK, thereby leading to apoptosis in renal carcinoma cells [196].