For example, recent studies by Bogunovic et al. has revealed that ISG15 is essential for the secretion of IFNβ from NK cells, consequently establishing IFNβ-mediated anti-mycobacterial immunity in human MSMD (Mendelian Susceptibility to Mycobacterial Disease) patients [44]. Here, IFNB1 is linked to Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases.