Of 41 patients who had TST−/QFT+ results and received LTBI treatment, pulmonary TB and TB peritonitis developed in one (2.4%) 20.5 months after starting anti-TNF treatment (705/100,000 person-years), whereas active TB did not develop in 62 patients who had TST+/QFT+ results and received LTBI treatment during a median of 41.5 months (IQR, 20.8–59.1 months) follow-up period. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is pulmonary tuberculosis.