MAPK8 and diabetes mellitus: Like JNK, both ERK and p38 are involved in various pathologies such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancers (Davis, 2000; Kyriakis and Avruch, 2001; Karin and Gallagher, 2005; Kyoi et al., 2006; Yoon and Seger, 2006; Rose et al., 2010).