A recent study from our research group suggested that cognitive deficits and brain atrophy in aMCI− are associated with decreased serum apolipoprotein A-1 (APOA1), the major component of HDL cholesterol independently of Aβ and vascular burden; the authors posited that antioxidant and/or anti-inflammatory properties of APOA1 as well as its critical role in reverse cholesterol transport may account for the contribution of the lipoprotein to non-AD brain damage (Choi et al., 2013). Here, APOA1 is linked to Alzheimer disease.