In conjunction with the higher population levels of E. coli in the intestine of MR-fed piglets that might lead to higher expression levels of IL-10 and TGF-β1 in the mucosa, the presence of IL-10(5) and TGF-β1(4,5) in the BC and sow milk appeared to be responsible for the increased expression levels of these immune mediators in the intestinal mucosa of BC- and sow milk-fed piglets(36). Here, TGFB1 is linked to breast cancer.