Comparison of the data obtained from 2D cultures, 3D spheroids and xenograft tumours indicate that, relative to CALS, CALR cells displayed increased levels of lactate, BCAA and decreased PE in vivo only, elevated PCr, alanine and aspartate levels in 3D spheroids and tumours, and increased GPC in all three experimental models (Figure 4A and B). This evidence concerns the gene ARID4B and neoplasm.