The cell lines used were A9 (where we have characterized this pathway after MVM infection), the PDK1phosphoS135-positive, H-1PV-permissive human glioblastoma-derived cancer cell lines NCH149 and NCH82 (Figs. 4A and S2) (known to display enhanced PKB/Akt1 activity and for resistance to apoptosis inducers ([25], and the PDK1phosphoS135-negative, H-1PV-resistant BJ-1 (foreskin) and MRC-5 (embryonic lung) normal human diploid fibroblasts (Figs. 4A and S2), which are fairly insensitive to PDK1 silencing [26]. This evidence concerns the gene PDK1 and glioblastoma.