TNF and osteoarthritis: TMJ inflammation results in the release of various proinflammatory cytokines,particularly tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukins,14,15,16 which contribute to articular cartilageremodeling and deterioration.17 Interleukin-1(IL-l) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) have been found in cases of osteoarthritis andtemporomandibular joints with internal disarrangements.18,19,20