TNF and neoplasm: αPD-L1 treatment also increased the proportion of OT-I T cells in spleens (Fig. 5E) and the tumour site (Fig. 5F) co-producing IFN-γ and TNF-α in response to in vitro OVA257–264 stimulation and also increased the absolute number of these cells in tumours (Fig. 5G) at a time when these populations are normally waning in peripheral lymphoid sites of 11c.OVA mice (e.g. Fig. 2).