NFKB1 and cancer: Indeed, recently, we have shown that downregulation of endogenous DAPK2 activates NF-κB and sensitises multiple cancer cell types to TRAIL-induced apoptosis but not to other cytotoxic stimuli.9 NF-κB, another multi-faceted protein, can also be activated by oxidative stress but TRAIL-induced apoptosis appears to be independent of oxidative stress since it can be blocked by caspase inhibitors (Supplementary Figure S2), but these inhibitors do not impair the production of ROS (Supplementary Figure S3) or mitochondrial depolarisation (Supplementary Figure S4) seen after DAPK2 depletion.