For example, a recent paper in Cell, leveraging from a GWAS on susceptibility, identified a non-coding polymorphism in FOXO3A not identified by the GWAS (rs12212067: T>G) that associated with the course of, but not susceptibility to, Crohn’s disease and rheumatoid arthritis, and with an increased risk of severe malaria39. This evidence concerns the gene FOXO3 and rheumatoid arthritis.