In a study of 100 patients with suspected CV disease referred for cardiac catheterization, E/E’ provided a better estimation of the mean LV end-diastolic pressure—a surrogate for mean LA pressure—compared to other Doppler parameters.[34] Furthermore, E/E’ but not CAD, NT-proBNP, and LA size was shown to be an independent predictor of increased LV filling pressure in 125 renal transplant candidates.[13] However, LAVI has been regarded as a marker of the severity and duration of diastolic dysfunction. This evidence concerns the gene NPPB and coronary artery disorder.