Patients in group 4, defined as E/E’>15 and LAVI>32 mL/m2, were significantly older, had significantly higher BMI, systolic BP, prevalence of CAD and arrhythmia, and NT-proBNP concentrations, but a significantly lower 24-hour urine volume compared to those in group 1 (E/E’≤15 and LAVI≤32 mL/m2). The gene discussed is NPPB; the disease is Arrhythmia.