PPARGC1A and infection: Accompanying the increase PGC-1α levels, we detected increased mitochondrial biogenesis in infected BMMo, as shown by an increment of mitochondrial DNA/nuclear DNA ratio upon 14 hours post-infection (Fig. 3E), and of nuclear genes encoding for mitochondrial complexes namely, Ndufa9 (complex I) and Cox4 (complex IV) both in in vitro infected BMMo or macrophages recovered from the spleen of infected mice (S4A-S4C Fig).