SHOX and microcephaly: Many of these genes are recognized to be involved in human genetic diseases and include: SHOX (dyschondrosteosis or Leri-Weill syndrome) [24], NLGN4 (autism and intellectual disability) [26], ARSE (chrondrodysplasia punctata, which has skeletal abnormalities and microcephaly) [27], VCX3A (implicated in intellectual disability) [28], and STS (ichthyosis) [29].