SHPK and lung carcinoma: Specifically, cells started to succumb to early apoptosis (low PI, high Annexin-V staining) when exposed to SHK at doses of 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 μg/mL, advanced apoptosis (high PI, high Annexin-V staining) at doses of 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 μg/mL, and necrosis (high-PI/low-Annexin-V staining) at doses of 5 to 10 μg/mL, suggesting that lower doses (1.0 and 2.5 μg/mL) of SHK induce early apoptosis, while higher doses (5.0 and 10.0 μg/mL) of SHK trigger late apoptosis and necrosis of lung cancer cells.