Although we identified apoptosis and necroptosis using staurosporine, which is not a physiological agonist, necroptosis is strongly linked to tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) signalling [33, 34], and aberrant TNF-α signalling has been extensively linked to retinal degeneration [27, 35, 36] and AMD [37]. Here, TNF is linked to retinal degeneration.