To define the molecular mechanism originating the α-thalassemia phenotype three aspects were investigated: a) the relative amount of anomalous mRNA to verify if the mutation induces a known or unknown pathway of mRNA degradation [27–28]; b) the instability and the relative concentration of Hb Rogliano using different diagnostic procedures [29]; c) molecular modelling approaches were used to predict the interaction of the α-chain variant with both the β1-globin chain and AHSP. The gene discussed is GSTM1; the disease is thalassemia.