However, all of the following EVs were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in women with kidney stones: VCAM1-positive EVs and EVs derived from glomerular podocytes, parietal epithelium of the Bowman’s capsule, simple cuboidal epithelium of the proximal convoluted tubule, simple squamous epithelium of the thin loop of Henle, simple cuboidal epithelium of the thick loop of Henle, simple cuboidal epithelium of the distal tubule, principal and intercalated cells of the collecting duct, transitional epithelium of the renal pelvis, and the urothelium of the urinary bladder (Tables 1 and 2). The gene discussed is VCAM1; the disease is nephrolithiasis.