Interestingly, studies in recent years have further revealed that FMRP regulates a multitude of synaptic proteins and components of signaling pathways that not only affect neurodevelopment, but also contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease (AD), the leading cause for dementia in the elderly (Malter et al., 2010; Sokol et al., 2011; Westmark et al., 2011; Hamilton et al., 2014). The gene discussed is FMR1; the disease is Alzheimer disease.