Impaired vagal heart rate control exerted by an arterial baroreflex, impaired volume-sensitive cardiopulmonary reflex and arterial chemoreceptors, as well as humoral factors such as AT2, aldosterone or leptin with direct central sympatho-excitatory effects, have all been shown to play at least a partial role in hypertension (reviewed in [46]). The gene discussed is AGTR2; the disease is Hypertension.