TNF and geroderma osteodysplastica: Primary cell cultures of thyrocytes, retrobulbar fibroblasts, and preadipocytes from GO patients did not release CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 at baseline [96, 97], but their secretion was dose-dependently induced by IFN-γ alone or combined with TNF-α.