Comparing the area of IL-23 expression in tumours with and without metastasis and in precancerous tissues, we found a connection between the secretion intensity and the malignancy; that is, IL-23 was expressed in both tumour and precancerous tissues, and the IL-23R was distributed on the cells membranes (Figure 1a, b, c, d and S1). Here, IL37 is linked to neoplasm.