For this purpose we used HTXs generated from HNSCCs harbouring wild-type or mutant KRAS. Consistent with the results observed earlier with cytotoxics, a positive response in the CANScript explants with cetuximab (Fig. 6g–i) was mirrored by tumour inhibition in vivo (Fig. 6j–l).The functional outcome was correlated with a decrease in Ki-67 positivity, increased TUNEL and a reduction in phospho-EGFR levels in both the CANScript explants and in vivo (Fig. 6h,i,k,l and Supplementary Fig. 9a,b). The gene discussed is KRAS; the disease is neoplasm.