A synthesis of the cross sectional and longitudinal analyses suggests the following potential scenarios during HIV infection: If HIV infects the CNS, eliciting CXCL10 when CD4 levels are high and virus levels low, HIV specific CD8+CD107a+ T-cells develop, migrate in response to CXCL10 and HIV antigens and traffic through the CNS, selectively destroying HIV infected myeloid cells and controlling HIV replication with minimal cerebral inflammation. This evidence concerns the gene LAMP1 and HIV infectious disease.