Substantial recent progress in the treatment of lung cancer (especially adenocarcinomas) has been achieved by advances in our understanding of its pathology; the current treatment options include specialized agents based on the presence or absence of specific genetic biomarkers (“personalized therapy”), such as mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) [1] or gain-of-function translocations or inversions involving the anaplastic lymphoma receptor tyrosine kinase (ALK) [2]. The gene discussed is ALK; the disease is lung cancer.