TNF and tuberculosis: These include cytokines (interferon-γ [IFN-γ], interleukin-6 [IL-6], tumor necrosis factor—α [TNF-α]) with known importance in TB defense[11,12]; the chemokine interferon-gamma inducible protein-10 (IP-10), which correlates with active TB[13–23]; and markers of impaired gut mucosal integrity and microbial translocation (EndoCAb IgM, lipopolysaccharide [LPS], sCD14), which are associated with HIV disease progression and immune response to ART.