PNPLA3 and fatty liver disease: The rs738409 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) encoding for a functional I148M protein variant of the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3, adiponutrin) gene is associated with hepatic steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis, and carcinogenesis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (Romeo et al. 2008; Rotman et al. 2010; Kawaguchi et al. 2012; Kitamoto et al. 2013).