Finally, phylogenetic analysis of samples taken from two patients before and after relapse and analysis of a NF1 deletion (NF1 encodes neurofibromin 1, a tumor suppressor protein that prevents uncontrolled cell growth; NF1 is frequently mutated in HGSOC) indicated that a resistant subclonal population was already present in the patients’ tumors before treatment began. Here, NF1 is linked to neoplasm.