Results. Polymorphisms at these three sites in XRCC1 gene were not found to be associated with risk for developing ESCC; however the haplotype Ccodon 194Gcodon 399C−77T>C was significantly associated with reduced risk of ESCC (OR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.40–0.96) upon haplotype analysis. This evidence concerns the gene XRCC1 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.