Because FNIII EDA has been shown to induce cellular immune responses including activation of CD8+ T cell responses, the domain in soluble form26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31 has been explored extensively as a cancer vaccine adjuvant in mouse models including when antigens are fused to it28, 30, 31, although most potently in combination with other TLR agonists28, 31. This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and cancer.